💲capital budgeting

Profitability Index

PI = PV of Future Cash Flows / Initial Investment

Measures the bang for the buck. A PI above 1.0 means the project creates value per dollar invested.

Variables

PV=PV of Cash Flows

Sum of discounted future cash flows

I=Initial Investment

Upfront capital outlay

Example Calculation

Scenario

Project costs $200,000 and the PV of future cash flows is $240,000.

Given Data

PV of CFs:$240,000
Initial Cost:$200,000

Calculation

PI = 240,000 / 200,000 = 1.20

Result

1.20

Interpretation

Every dollar invested returns $1.20 in present value. Accept since PI > 1.

When to Use This Formula

  • Ranking projects under capital rationing
  • Comparing projects of different sizes
  • Supplement to NPV when budget is limited

Common Mistakes

  • Choosing the project with the highest PI when projects are mutually exclusive (use NPV instead)
  • Confusing PI with ROI

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FAQs

Common questions about this formula

NPV gives total value added in dollars. PI gives value per dollar invested, which is useful for ranking under capital constraints.

Yes, when projects differ in size. A smaller project might have a higher PI (more bang per buck) but lower total NPV. Use PI for ranking under capital rationing; use NPV for choosing among mutually exclusive projects with no budget constraint.

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